url, "login", "password"); 

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { 

} catch (SQLException e) { 

} 

Creating a Table

This example creates a table called ''mytable'' with three columns: COL_A which holds strings, COL_B which holds integers, and COL_C which holds floating point numbers. 

try { 

Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); 

stmt.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE mytable (

COL_A VARCHAR(100), COL_B INTEGER, COL_C FLOAT)"); 

} catch (SQLException e) { 

} 

Entering a New Row into a Table

This example enters a row containing a string, an integer, and a floating point number into the table called ''mytable''. 

try { 

Statement stmt = connection.createStatement(); 

stmt.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO mytable

VALUES ('Patrick Chan', 123, 1.23)"); 

connection.close(); 

} catch (SQLException e) { 

} 

Getting All Rows from a Table

This example retrieves all the rows from a table called ''mytable''. A row in ''mytable'' consists of a string, integer, and floating point number. 

try { 

Statement stmt = connection.createStatement(); 

// Get data using colunm names. 

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( 

"SELECT * FROM mytable"); 

while (rs.next()) { 

String s = rs.getString("COL_A"); 

int i = rs.getInt("COL_B"); 

float f = rs.getFloat("COL_C"); 

process(s, i, f); 

} 

// Get data using colunm numbers. 

rs = stmt.executeQuery( 

"SELECT * FROM mytable"); 

while (rs.next()) { 

String s = rs.getString(1); 

int i = rs.getInt(2); 

float f = rs.getFloat(3); 

process(s, i, f); 

} 

} catch (SQLException e) { 

} 

Getting Particular Rows from a Table

This example retrieves all rows from a table called ''mytable'' whose column COL_A equals ``Patrick Chan''. A row in ''mytable'' consists of a string, integer, and floating point number. 

try { 

Statement stmt = connection.createStatement(); 

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( 

"SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE COL_A = 'Patrick Chan'"); 

rs.next(); 

String s = rs.getString("COL_A"); 

int i = rs.getInt("COL_B"); 

float f = rs.getFloat("COL_C"); 

process(s, i, f); 

} catch (SQLException e) { 

} 

Updating a Row of Data in a Table

This example updates a row in a table called ``mytable''. In particular, for all rows whose column COL_B equals 123, column COL_A is set to ''John Doe''. 

try { 

Statement stmt = connection.createStatement(); 

int numUpdated = stmt.executeUpdate( 

"UPDATE mytable SET COL_A = 'John Doe'

WHERE COL_B = 123"); 

connection.close(); 

} catch (SQLException e) { 

} 

Using a Prepared Statement

A prepared statement should be used in cases where a particular SQL statement is used frequently. The prepared statement is more expensive to set up but executes faster than a statement. This example demonstrates a prepared statement for getting all rows from a table called ''mytable'' whose column COL_A equals ''Patrick Chan''. This example also demonstrates a prepared statement for updating data in the table. In particular, for all rows whose column COL_B equals 123, column COL_A is set to ''John Doe''. 

try { 

// Retrieving rows from the database. 

PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement( 

"SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE COL_A = ?"); 

int colunm = 1; 

stmt.setString(colunm, "Patrick Chan"); 

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(); 

// Updating the database. 

stmt = connection.prepareStatement( 

"UPDATE mytable SET COL_A = ? WHERE COL_B = ?"); 

colunm = 1; 

stmt.setString(colunm, "John Doe"); 

colunm = 2; 

stmt.setInt(colunm, 123); 

int numUpdated = stmt.executeUpdate(); 

} catch (SQLException e) { 

} 

Examplets ^TM provided by permission of the publisher, Addision-Wesley, and Author Patrick Chan.

Handling Events with an Anonymous Class

If an event handler is specific to a component (that is, not shared by other components), there is no need to declare a class to handle the event. The event handler can be implemented using an anonymous inner class. This example demonstrates an anonymous inner class to handle key events for a component. 

component.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() { 

public void keyPressed(KeyEvent evt) { 

} 

}); 

Handling Action Events

Action events are fired by subclasses of AbstractButton and includes buttons, checkboxes, and menus. 

AbstractButton button = new JButton(quot;OK"); 

button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener()); 

public class MyActionListener 

implements ActionListener { 

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) { 

// Determine which abstract 

// button fired the event. 

AbstractButton button = 

(AbstractButton)evt.getSource(); 

} 

} 

Handling Key Presses

You can get the key that was pressed either as a key character (which is a Unicode character) or as a key code (a special value representing a particular key on the keyboard). 

component.addKeyListener(new MyKeyListener()); 

public class MyKeyListener extends KeyAdapter { 

public void keyPressed(KeyEvent evt) { 

// Check for key characters. 

if (evt.getKeyChar() == 'a') { 

process(evt.getKeyChar()); 

} 

// Check for key codes. 

if (evt.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_HOME) { 

process(evt.getKeyCode()); 

} 

} 

} 

Handling Mouse Clicks

component.addMouseListener( 

new MyMouseListener()); 

public class MyMouseListener 

extends MouseAdapter { 

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent evt) { 

if ((evt.getModifiers() & 

InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK) != 0) { 

processLeft(evt.getPoint()); 

} 

if ((evt.getModifiers() & 

InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK) != 0) { 

processMiddle(evt.getPoint()); 

} 

if ((evt.getModifiers() & 

InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK) != 0) { 

processRight(evt.getPoint()); 

} 

} 

} 

Handling Mouse Motion

component.addMouseMotionListener( 

new MyMouseMotionListener()); 

public class MyMouseMotionListener 

extends MouseMotionAdapter { 

public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent evt) { 

// Process current position of cursor 

// while all mouse buttons are up. 

process(evt.getPoint()); 

} 

public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent evt) { 

// Process current position of cursor 

// while mouse button is pressed. 

process(evt.getPoint()); 

} 

} 

Detecting Double and Triple Clicks

component.addMouseListener( 

new MyMouseListener()); 

public class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter { 

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent evt) { 

if (evt.getClickCount() == 3) { 

// triple-click 

} else if (evt.getClickCount() == 2) { 

// double-click 

} 

} 

}

Handling Focus Changes

component.addFocusListener( 

new MyFocusListener()); 

public class MyFocusListener 

extends FocusAdapter { 

public void focusGained(FocusEvent evt) { 

// The component gained the focus. 

} 

public void focusLost(FocusEvent evt) { 

// The component lost the focus. 

} 

}

Files, Streams, I/O (java.io)

Constructing a Path

On Windows, this example creates the path \blash a\blash b. On Unix, the path would be /a/b. 

String path = File.separator + 

"a" + File.separator + "b"; 

Reading Text from Standard Input

try { 

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( 

new InputStreamReader(System.in)); 

String str = ""; 

while (str != null) { 

System.out.print("> prompt "); 

str = in.readLine(); 

process(str); 

} 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Reading Text from a File

try { 

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( 

new FileReader("infilename")); 

String str; 

while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) { 

process(str); 

} 

in.close(); 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Writing to a File

If the file does not already exist, it is automatically created. 

try { 

BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter( 

new FileWriter("outfilename")); 

out.write("aString"); 

out.close(); 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Creating a Directory

(new File("directoryName")).mkdir(); 

Appending to a File

try { 

BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter( 

new FileWriter("filename", true)); 

out.write("aString"); 

out.close(); 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Deleting a File

(new File("filename")).delete(); 

Deleting a Directory

(new File("directoryName")).delete(); 

Creating a Temporary File

try { 

// Create temp file. 

File temp = File.createTempFile( 

"pattern", ".suffix"); 

// Delete temp file when program exits. 

temp.deleteOnExit(); 

// Write to temp file 

BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter( 

new FileWriter(temp)); 

out.write("aString"); 

out.close(); 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Using a Random Access File

try { 

File f = new File("filename"); 

RandomAccessFile raf = 

new RandomAccessFile(f, "rw"); 

// Read a character. 

char ch = raf.readChar(); 

// Seek to end of file. 

raf.seek(f.length()); 

// Append to the end. 

raf.writeChars("aString"); 

raf.close(); 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Serializing an Object

The object to be serialized must implement java.io.Serializable. 

try { 

ObjectOutput out = new ObjectOutputStream( 

new FileOutputStream("filename.ser")); 

out.writeObject(object); 

out.close(); 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Deserializing an Object

This example deserializes a java.awt.Button object. 

try { 

ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream( 

new FileInputStream("filename.ser")); 

AnObject object = (AnObject) in.readObject(); 

in.close(); 

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Traversing a Directory

public static void traverse(File f) { 

process(f); 

if (f.isDirectory()) { 

String[] children = f.list(); 

for (int i=0; i<children.length; i++) { 

traverse(new File(f, children[i])); 

} 

} 

} 

Reading UTF-8 Encoded Data

try { 

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( 

new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream( 

"infilename"), "UTF8")); 

String str = in.readLine(); 

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Writing UTF-8 Encoded Data

try { 

Writer out = new BufferedWriter( 

new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream( 

"outfilename"), "UTF8")); 

out.write(aString); 

out.close(); 

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Reading ISO Latin-1 Encoded Data

try { 

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( 

new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream( 

"infilename"), "8859_1")); 

String str = in.readLine(); 

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Writing ISO Latin-1 Encoded Data

try { 

Writer out = new BufferedWriter( 

new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream( 

"outfilename"), "8859_1")); 

out.write(aString); 

out.close(); 

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 

} catch (IOException e) { 

}

Networking (java.net)

Creating a URL

try { 

// With components. 

URL url = new URL("http","hostname", 80, "index.html"); 

// With a single string. 

url = new URL(

"http://hostname:80/index.html"); 

} catch (MalformedURLException e) { 

} 

Parsing a URL

try { 

URL url = new URL("http://hostname:80/index.html#_top_"); 

String protocol = url.getProtocol();// http 

String host = url.getHost();// hostname 

int port = url.getPort();// 80 

String file = url.getFile(); // index.html 

String ref = url.getRef();// _top_ 

} catch (MalformedURLException e) { 

} 

Reading Text from a URL

try { 

URL url = new URL("http://hostname:80/index.html"); 

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( 

new InputStreamReader(url.openStream())); 

String str; 

while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) { 

process(str); 

} 

in.close(); 

} catch (MalformedURLException e) { 

} catch (IOException e) { 

} 

Resolving a Hostname 

Creating a Client Socket

try { 

InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName("java.sun.com");

int port = 80;

Socket sock = new Socket(addr, port);

} catch (IOException e) {

}

Creating a Server Socket

try { 

int port = 2000;

ServerSocket srv = new ServerSocket(port);

// Wait for connection from client.

Socket socket = srv.accept();

} catch (IOException e) {

}

Reading Text from a Socket

try { 

BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader( 

new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

String str;

while ((str = rd.readLine()) != null) {

process(str);

}

rd.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

}