ans :-
4 types of tables
i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used.
ii)Pool tables & iii)Cluster tables -
These are logical tables that are arranged as records
of transparent tables.one cannot use native sql on these tables
(only opensql).They are not managable directly using
database system tools.
iv)Internal tables - .
12. What is the step by step process to create a table
in data dictionary?
ans:-
step 1: creating domains(data type,field
length,range).
step 2: creating data elements(properties
and type for a table
field).
step 3: creating tables(SE11).
13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary
but not in the data base physically?
ANS:- NO.
TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH
IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA
AND FIELDS.
14. What are the domains and data elements?
ANS:-
DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET
ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE.
DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT.
15. Can you create a table with fields not referring
to data elements?
ANS:-
YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening
to a data object(SPFLI) not data element.
16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you
use them in the ABAP programs?
ANS:-
Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other
program without creating it again).
17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
ANS:-
Once you have declared the possible record types as field
groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using
the following statements:
EXTRACT <fg>.
When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset
EXTRACT HEADER.
When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.
As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group <fg>, the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups <fg> and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs.
By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
18. What is a collect statement? How is it different
from append?
ANS:-
If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT
statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric
fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing
entry.
19. What is open sql vs native sql?
ANS:- by Madhukar
Open SQL , native SQL are the interfaces
to create the database applicatons.
Open SQL is consistant across different
types of existing Databases.
Native SQL is the database language
specific to database.Its API is specific to the databse.
Open SQL API is consistent across
all vendors
20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is
the disadvantage of using it?
ANS:-
21. What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated
with ABAP/4 data dictionary?
ANS:-
22. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?
ANS:-
Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection,end-of-selection,top-of-page,end-of-page,
At line-selection,At user-command,At PF,Get,At New,At LAST,AT END, AT FIRST.
23. What is an interactive report?
What is the obvious diff of such report compared with
classical type reports?
ANS:-
An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report
that produces the list on users choice.
diff:-
a) THE LIST PRODUCED BY CLASSICAL REPORT DOESN'T
allow user to interact with the system
the list produced by interactive report
allows the user to interact with the system.
b) ONCE A CLASSICAL REPORT EXECUTED USER LOOSES
CONTROL.IR USER HAS CONTROL.
c) IN CLASSICAL REPORT DRILLING IS NOT POSSIBLE.IN
INTERACTIVE DRILLING IS POSSIBLE.
24. What is a drill down report?
ANS:-
Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more
relavent data by selecting explicitly.
25. How do you write a function module in SAP? describe.
ANS:-
creating function module:-
called program - se37-creating funcgrp,funcmodule by
assigning attributes,importing,exporting,tables,exceptions.
calling program - SE38-in pgm click pattern and write
function name- provide export,import,tables,exception values.
26. What are the exceptions in function module?
ANS:-
COMMUNICATION_FAILURE
SYSTEM_FAILURE
27. What is a function group?
ANS:-
GROUP OF ALL RELATED FUNCTIONS.
28. How are the date and time field values stored in
SAP?
ANS:-
DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS
30. Name a few data dictionary objects? //rep//
ANS:-
TABLES,VIEWS,STRUCTURES,LOCK OBJECTS,MATCHCODE OBJECTS.
31. What happens when a table is activated in DD?
ANS:-
It is available for any insertion,modification and updation
of records by any user.
32. What is a check table and what is a value table?
Check table will be at field level checking.
Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr
table is check table for carrid.
33. What are match codes? describe?
ans:-
It is a similar to table index that gives list of possible
values for either primary keys or non-primary keys.
34. What transactions do you use for data analysis?
ANS:-
35. What is table maintenance generator?
ANS:-
36. What are ranges? What are number ranges?
ANS:-
max,min values provided in selection
screens.
37. What are select options and what is the diff from
parameters?
ANS:-
select options provide ranges where as parameters do
not.
SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table which is automatically
filled with values or ranges
of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS
, the system creates a selection table.
SELECT-OPTIONS <SEL> FOR <field>.
A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN,
OPTION, LOW and HIGH.
The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of <field>.
The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive
(should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply)
The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal
GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less
than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains
pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern.
diff:-
PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an
internal field within a report.
SELECT-OPTIONS allow users to fill an internal table
with a range of values.
For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should
define text elements by choosing
Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change.
Eg:- Parameters name(30).
when the user executes the ABAP/4 program,an input field
for 'name' will appear on the selection screen.You can change the comments
on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described
in Selection Texts.
38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a
report?
And how do you display initial values in a selection
screen?
ANS:-
validate :- by using match code objects.
display :- Parameters <name> default 'xxx'.
select-options <name> for spfli-carrid.
39. What are selection texts?
ANS:-
40. What is CTS and what do you know about it?
ANS:-
The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps
you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing,
and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your
system landscape.
This documentation provides you with an overview of how
to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up
your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy.
Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
For practical information on working with the Change
and Transport System, see Change and Transport Organizer and Transport
Management System.
41. When a program is created and need to be transported
to prodn does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make
sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?
ANS:-
42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the
meaning of client independent?
ANS:-
43. Are programs client dependent?
ANS:-
Yes.Group of users can access these
programs with a client no.
44. Name a few system global variables you can use
in ABAP programs?
ANS:-
SY-SUBRC,SY-DBCNT,SY-LILLI,SY-DATUM,SY-UZEIT,SY-UCOMM,SY-TABIX.....
SY-LILLI IS ABSOLUTE NO OF LINES FROM WHICH THE EVENT
WAS TRIGGERED.
45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number
of lines in an internal table?
How to use a specific number occurs statement?
ANS:-
i)It is a standard data type object which exists
only during the runtime of the program.
They are used to perform table calculations on subsets
of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables
according to users need.
ii)using SY-DBCNT.
iii)The number of memory allocations the system need
to allocate for the next record population.
46. How do you take care of performance issues in your
ABAP programs?
Performance of ABAPs can be improved by minimizing the
amount of data to be transferred.
The data set must be transferred through the network
to the applications, so reducing the amount OF time and also reduces the
network traffic.
Some measures that can be taken are:
- Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has
the advantage of better reusability).
- Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *.
- Range tables should be avoided (IN operator)
- Avoid nested SELECTS.
i)system tools
ii)field symbols and field groups.
ans:-
Field Symbols : Field symbols are placeholders for existing
fields. A Field Symbol does not physically reserve space for a field,but
points to a field which is not known until runtime of the program.
eg:- FIELD-SYMBOL <FS> [<TYPE>].
Field groups : A field group combines several fields
under one name.At runtime,the INSERT command is used to define which data
fields are assigned to which field group.
There should always be a HEADER field group that defines
how the extracted data will be sorted,the data is sorted by the fields
grouped under the HEADER field group.
47. What are datasets?
ANS:-
The sequential files(ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called
datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.
48. How to find the return code of a statement in ABAP
programs?
ANS:-
Using function modules.
49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?
ANS :
CONVERSION : LEGACY SYSTEM TO FLAT FILE.
INTERFACE : FLAT FILE TO SAP SYSTEM.
50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
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